In some countries, particularly in the developing countries, cassettes still remain the dominant medium for purchasing and listening to music. Cassette technology created a booming market for pop music in India, drawing criticism from conservatives while at the same time creating a huge market for legitimate recording companies and pirated tapes. In 1970s India, they were blamed for bringing unwanted secular influences into traditionally religious areas. One of the most famous political uses of cassette tapes was the dissemination of sermons by the Ayatollah Khomeini throughout Iran before the 1979 Iranian revolution, in which Khomeini urged the overthrow of the regime of the Shah.
For similar reasons, cassettes became popular in developing nations. Their durability and ease of copying helped bring underground rock and punk music behind the Iron Curtain, creating a foothold for Western culture among the younger generations. Total vinyl record sales remained higher well into the 1980s due to greater sales of singles, although cassette singles achieved popularity for a period in the 1990s.Īpart from the purely technical advances cassettes brought, they also served as catalysts for social change.
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Some would partially collapse if they were not actually holding a cassette.Īs the transistor radio defined small music in the 1960s, the portable CD player in the 1990s, and the MP3 player in the 2000s, so did the Walkman define very small portable music in the 1980s, with cassette sales overtaking those of LPs. This resulted in the format being taken more seriously for musical use, and started the era of high-fidelity cassettes and players.ĭuring the 1980s, the cassette’s popularity grew further as a result of portable pocket recorders and hi-fi players such as Sony’s Walkman, which used a body not much larger than the cassette tape itself, with mechanical keys on one side, or electronic buttons or display on the face. In 1971 the Advent Corporation introduced their Model 201 tape deck that combined Dolby type B noise reduction and chromium dioxide (CrO2) tape, with a commercial-grade tape transport mechanism supplied by the Wollensak camera division of 3M Corporation. Some early models also had unreliable mechanical design. However, the system had been initially designed for dictation and portable use, with the audio quality of early players not well suited for music. The initial offering consisted of 49 titles. for short) were launched in Europe in late 1965. Prerecorded music cassettes (also known as Musicassettes M.C. The mass production of compact audio cassettes began in 1964 in Hanover, Germany.
It went on to become a popular (and re-recordable) alternative to the turntable for LP records during the late 1970s.
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Although there were other magnetic tape cartridge systems at the time, the Compact Cassette became dominant as a result of Philips’s decision (in the face of pressure from Sony) to license the format free of charge. Philips introduced the compact audio cassette medium for audio storage in Europe in 1963, and in the United States in 1964, under the trademark name Compact Cassette. This reversal is achieved either by manually flipping the cassette or by having the machine itself change the direction of tape movement (“auto-reverse”). Two stereo pairs of tracks (four total) or two monaural audio tracks are available on the tape one stereo pair or one monophonic track is played or recorded when the tape is moving in one direction and the second pair when moving in the other direction. These spools and their attendant parts are held inside a protective plastic shell. The word cassette is a French word meaning “little box.”Ĭompact Cassettes consist of two miniature spools, between which a magnetically coated plastic tape is passed and wound. Between the early 1970s and late 1990s, the cassette was one of the two most common formats for prerecorded music, first alongside the LP and later the Compact Disc. Its uses ranged from portable audio to home recording to data storage for early microcomputers. Although it was originally intended as a medium for dictation, improvements in fidelity led the Compact Cassette to supplant reel-to-reel tape recording in most non-professional applications. Compact Cassette, often referred to as audio cassette, cassette tape, cassette, or simply tape, is a magnetic tape sound recording format.
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